Uncertainty in Intermodal and Synchromodal Transport: Review and Future Research Directions

Long-haul continental freight flows still heavily rely on unimodal road transport. Intermodal transport, combining transport with other modes, has the potential to have lower operating costs and be more environmentally sustainable. However, benefits from its better flexibility adaptability sudden disruptions uncertainties. To facilitate a modal shift towards intermodal it is crucial improve resilience (i.e., capability resist recover disruptions). Synchromodality an extension of intermodality in which decisions choice routing are not predefined long advance but taken based real-time information may provide step that direction. The conducted literature review investigates how uncertainty can handled synchromodal networks. classified planning level, either strategic, tactical or operational. main focus studied types proposed solution approaches. This work contributes research field by reviewing uncertainty, presenting measures mitigate effects proposing future directions.